Ésteres de celulose: síntese, propriedades e preparação de mantas e esferas visando aplicações em imobilização de lipase

dc.contributorUniversidade de São Paulo
dc.contributor.author1
dc.date.issued2020-05-29
dc.description.abstract<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O presente estudo teve como uma das metas a esterifica&ccedil;&atilde;o da celulose de linter de algod&atilde;o em meio homog&ecirc;neo, usando como sistema de solvente N,N- dimetilacetamida/cloreto de l&iacute;tio (DMAc/LiCl), e anidrido hexan&oacute;ico ou cloreto de benzo&iacute;la como agentes esterificantes. A celulose de linter de algod&atilde;o foi utilizada por ser uma fonte de r&aacute;pido crescimento e considerada a celulose de maior pureza isolada de fontes vegetais. Na s&iacute;ntese de &eacute;steres de celulose (hexanoato, benzoato, bem com &eacute;steres mistos, hexanoato-benzoato de celulose) visou-se obter diferentes graus de substitui&ccedil;&atilde;o (GS = 1, 2 e 3) por meio do ajuste da raz&atilde;o Mol<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ag. esterificante<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">/Mol<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UAG<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Os &eacute;steres de celulose obtidos (caracterizados por FTIR, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H RMN e TGA) foram utilizados como materiais de partida na prepara&ccedil;&atilde;o de mantas (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mats<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) e esferas, o que correspondeu a uma segunda meta do estudo. As mantas de hexanoato de celulose foram obtidas por meio da t&eacute;cnica de eletrofia&ccedil;&atilde;o a partir de solu&ccedil;&otilde;es de N,N- dimetilacetamida/tetraidrofurano (DMAc/THF), e mantas de benzoato de celulose e hexanoato-benzoato foram preparadas a partir de solu&ccedil;&otilde;es de &aacute;cido trifluoroac&eacute;tico (TFA). A eletrofia&ccedil;&atilde;o resultou em redes de fibras ultrafinas (&gt; 100 nm) em um amplo intervalo de di&acirc;metro, por meio da varia&ccedil;&atilde;o das condi&ccedil;&otilde;es experimentais como taxa de fluxo (5,5, 15,5 e 45,5 &mu;L.min<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-1<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), dist&acirc;ncia (5, 10, 15 e 25 cm), tens&atilde;o (10, 15, 20 e 25 kV) e concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o (7, 9, 11, 13 e 15%). As micrografias(Microscopia Eletr&ocirc;nica de Varredura), indicaram que um menor fluxo de inje&ccedil;&atilde;o favoreceu a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de fibras ultrafinas de at&eacute; 150 nm. As esferas foram obtidas por meio de gotejamento de uma solu&ccedil;&atilde;o de &eacute;ster de celulose e acetona em contra solvente (&aacute;gua ou metanol). As esferas obtidas em &aacute;gua apresentaram di&acirc;metros ligeiramente maiores e superf&iacute;cie menos rugosa, quando comparadas as esferas obtidas em metanol. Mantas e esferas de &eacute;steres de celulose, selecionadas a partir dos resultados das respectivas caracteriza&ccedil;&otilde;es, foram utilizados como suporte para imobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o de lipases de <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudomonas fluorescens <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(LPF) por encapsulamento, e posteriormente, aplicados na resolu&ccedil;&atilde;o cin&eacute;tica enzim&aacute;tica de cloridrinas rac&ecirc;micas por meio de rea&ccedil;&atilde;o com acetato de vinila catalisada por lipase imobilizada, sendo esta etapa correspondente &agrave; terceira meta deste estudo. A resolu&ccedil;&atilde;o cin&eacute;tica foi analisada por Cromat&oacute;grafo a G&aacute;s acoplado a um detector de ioniza&ccedil;&atilde;o de chama (CG-DIC) para a determina&ccedil;&atilde;o dos par&acirc;metros da rea&ccedil;&atilde;o. A lipase refer&ecirc;ncia, n&atilde;o imobilizada, apresentou convers&atilde;o moderada (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 34%), excelente pureza enantiom&eacute;rica (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eep <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 98%) e excelente raz&atilde;o enantiom&eacute;rica (E = 212). Lipase imobilizada em mantas n&atilde;o apresentou atividade catal&iacute;tica, provavelmente devido &agrave; tens&atilde;o aplicada durante a eletrofia&ccedil;&atilde;o, o que pode ter inativados as enzimas, e/ou devido &agrave; aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o das mantas sobre suporte, o que pode ter prejudicado o acesso &agrave;s enzimas. Para esferas de Hex 12 (15% LPF) obtidas usando &aacute;gua como contra solvente, os resultados se mostraram promissores, a convers&atilde;o superior ap&oacute;s 120h de rea&ccedil;&atilde;o (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 40%) e pureza enantiom&eacute;rica do produto 94%. Reutilizando as esferas em um segundo ciclo, observou-se uma redu&ccedil;&atilde;o de 24% da taxa de convers&atilde;o de rea&ccedil;&atilde;o. A partir do conhecimento que se tem, este estudo pode ser considerado in&eacute;dito, e pavimenta o caminho para aprofundamento de investiga&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre o assunto endere&ccedil;ado nele.&nbsp;
dc.description.abstract<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The aim of the present study was the esterification of cotton linter cellulose in homogeneous medium, using as solvent system N, N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl), and hexanoic anhydride or benzoyl chloride as esterifying agents. Cotton linter cellulose was used because it is a fast-growing source and is considered the highest purity cellulose isolated from plant sources. The synthesis of cellulose esters (hexanoate, benzoate, as well as mixed esters, cellulose hexanoate- benzoate) aimed to obtain different degrees of substitution (GS = 1, 2 and 3) by adjusting the Mol<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">esterifying agent<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">/ Mol<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AGU <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ratio. The obtained cellulose esters (characterized by FTIR, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H NMR, and TGA) were used as starting materials in the preparation of mats and spheres, which corresponded to a second goal of the study. Cellulose hexanoate mats were obtained by electrospinning technique from N,N- dimethylacetamide/tetrahydrofuran (DMAc/THF) solutions, and cellulose benzoate and hexanoate benzoate mats were prepared from trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solutions. Electrospinning resulted in ultrathin fiber networks (&gt; 100 nm) over a wide diameter range by varying the experimental conditions such as flow rate (5.5, 15.5 and 45.5 &mu;L.min<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-1<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), distance (5, 10, 15 and 25 cm), voltage (10, 15, 20 and 25 kV) and concentration (7, 9, 11, 13 and 15%). SEM micrographs indicated that a smaller injection flow favored the formation of ultrathin fibers up to 150 nm. The spheres were prepared by dripping a solution of cellulose ester and acetone in counter solvent (water or methanol). The spheres obtained in water had slightly larger diameters and less rough surface when compared to spheres obtained in methanol. Mats and spheres of cellulose esters, selected from the results of the respective characterizations, were used as supports for immobilization of <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudomonas fluorescens <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lipases (PFL) by encapsulation and subsequently applied to the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemic hydrochlorins by reaction with vinyl acetate catalyzed by immobilized lipase, this step is the third goal of this study. The kinetic resolution was analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine the reaction parameters. The non-immobilized reference lipase showed moderate conversion (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 34%), excellent enantiomeric purity (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ee<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">p <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 98%), and excellent enantiomeric ratio (E = 212). Lipase immobilized in mats did not show catalytic activity, probably due to the voltage applied during electroporation, which may have inactivated the enzymes, and/or the application of the blankets on support, which may have impaired enzyme access. For Hex 12 beads (15% LPF) obtained using water as a counter solvent, the results were promising, superior conversion after 120h reaction (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">= 40%) and 94% enantiomeric purity. By reusing the spheres in a second cycle, a 24% reduction in the reaction conversion rate was observed. To our knowledge, this study is unprecedented and paves the way for further investigations on the subject addressed in it.&nbsp;
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.11606/D.75.2019.tde-28052020-155912
dc.identifier.urihttp://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-28052020-155912/
dc.languagept
dc.rights.holder1
dc.subjectimobilização enzimática
dc.subjectésteres de celulose
dc.subjectesferas
dc.subjecteletrofiação
dc.subjectcelulose de linter
dc.subjectelectrospinning
dc.subjectcelulose esters
dc.subjectenzyme immobilization
dc.subjectcellulose linters
dc.subjectbeads
dc.titleÉsteres de celulose: síntese, propriedades e preparação de mantas e esferas visando aplicações em imobilização de lipase
dc.title.alternativeCellulose esters: synthesis, properties, and preparation of mats and beads applied in lipase immobilization
dc.typeDissertação de Mestrado
usp.advisorFrollini, Elisabete
usp.date.defense2019-11-29
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