Explorando o metabolismo como ferramenta para investigação e tratamento de doenças

dc.contributorUniversidade de São Paulo
dc.contributor.author1
dc.date.issued2020-07-03
dc.description.abstract<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O estudo do conjunto de metab&oacute;litos produzidos por um organismo, ou a a&ccedil;&atilde;o interventiva de compostos metab&oacute;licos na atividade celular, podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para a otimiza&ccedil;&atilde;o de tratamentos de diversas doen&ccedil;as. Este trabalho teve como foco o metabolismo para buscar formas efetivas de melhorar o tratamento de duas doen&ccedil;as: c&acirc;ncer de mama triplo negativo (TNBC) e s&iacute;ndrome de <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cri-du-chat<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu na avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o da a&ccedil;&atilde;o t&oacute;xica de 192 compostos metab&oacute;licos em c&eacute;lulas de TNBC, a partir dos seus efeitos na proximidade da morte celular programada (<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">priming<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) pela t&eacute;cnica de BH3<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> profiling,<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a qual se baseia na quantidade de citocromos C liberados mediante a presen&ccedil;a de prote&iacute;nas da fam&iacute;lia Bcl-2, desta forma, o aumento da libera&ccedil;&atilde;o de citocromo C devido ao tratamento com o composto metab&oacute;lico, implica que este composto induz o <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">priming<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> na c&eacute;lula. Foram encontrados 4 compostos metab&oacute;licos capazes de induzir um aumento do <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">priming<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> especificamente nas c&eacute;lulas de c&acirc;ncer: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">elesclomol<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">spautin<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">-1, <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">artemisinin<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> e CHR2797. A combina&ccedil;&atilde;o de CHR2797 com quimioter&aacute;picos convencionais e de &uacute;ltima gera&ccedil;&atilde;o apresentou um aumento significativo na pot&ecirc;ncia e na efici&ecirc;ncia do tratamento de c&acirc;ncer de mama. O segundo alvo do trabalho visou &agrave; an&aacute;lise metabol&ocirc;mica de pacientes com s&iacute;ndrome de <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cri-du-chat<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (SCDC), em busca de metab&oacute;litos que evidenciem rotas deficientes em pacientes, e que podem ser utilizadas para melhoramento do tratamento desta doen&ccedil;a e at&eacute; diagn&oacute;stico. Com esta finalidade, foram obtidas amostras de plasma de portadores e n&atilde;o portadores de SCDC, submetidas &agrave; extra&ccedil;&atilde;o de metab&oacute;litos por microextra&ccedil;&atilde;o em fase s&oacute;lida biocompat&iacute;vel (bio-SPME), utilizando fibras de fase C18 em 150 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&micro;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L de amostra e, posteriormente, 150 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&micro;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L de metanol como solvente de dessor&ccedil;&atilde;o. As amostras foram extra&iacute;das e dessorvidas durante 10 min e 1200 RPM de agita&ccedil;&atilde;o. Ap&oacute;s a extra&ccedil;&atilde;o e dessor&ccedil;&atilde;o dos metab&oacute;litos, as amostras foram analisadas por espectrometria de massas por inser&ccedil;&atilde;o direta (DIMS). Anteriormente a extra&ccedil;&atilde;o das amostras por Bio-SPME, foram realizados planejamentos experimentais com plasma de paciente saud&aacute;vel para otimiza&ccedil;&atilde;o de par&acirc;metros de extra&ccedil;&atilde;o e dessor&ccedil;&atilde;o de metab&oacute;litos. Para viabilizar o tratamento dos dados de DIMS, foi desenvolvido um software para o alinhamento dos espectros. A an&aacute;lise dos dados por PLS-DA permitiu a separa&ccedil;&atilde;o dos grupos de controle e pacientes de acordo com faixas et&aacute;rias, sendo os principais respons&aacute;veis pela separa&ccedil;&atilde;o os &iacute;ons com <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m/z<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> igual a 109.97, 304.28 e 347.14.&nbsp;
dc.description.abstract<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study of the set of metabolites produced by an organism, or the interventional action of metabolic compounds on cellular activity, can be used as tools for the optimization of treatments of various diseases. This study focused on the use of metabolism to seek effective ways to improve treatment of two diseases: triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cri-du-chat<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> syndrome. The first part of the work consisted of evaluating the toxic action of 192 metabolic compounds in TNBC cells, from their effects on the proximity of programmed cell death (priming) by the BH3 profiling technique, that is based in the cytochrome C release by the cell, under presence of Bcl-2 peptides, therefore, as higher the cytochrome C release, higher the priming inducing effect by the metabolic compound. Four metabolic compounds were found capable of inducing an increase in priming, specifically in cancer cells: elesclomol, spautin-1, artemisinin, and CHR2797. The combination of CHR2797 with conventional and last generation chemotherapy has significantly increased the potency and efficiency of breast cancer treatment. The second part of the work aimed at the metabolomic analysis of patients with the&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cri-du-chat<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;syndrome (SCDC), looking for metabolites that show deficient paths in patients, and that can be used to improve the treatment of this disease. For this purpose, plasma samples were obtained from SCDC carriers and non-carriers, submitted to metabolite extraction by biocompatible solid-phase microextraction (bio-SPME) and subsequently analyzed by direct insertion mass spectrometry (DIMS). Before sample extraction by Bio-SPME, experimental designs were performed with healthy patient plasma to optimize metabolite extraction and desorption parameters. To be able to process the DIMS data, one software for spectra alignment was developed. Data analysis by PLS-DA allowed the separation of control groups and patients according to age groups, and the main responsible for the separation were ions with&nbsp;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">m/z<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;equal to 109.97, 304.28, and 347.14.&nbsp;
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.doi10.11606/T.75.2020.tde-03072020-092108
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-03072020-092108/
dc.languagept
dc.rights.holder1
dc.subjectsíndrome de cri-du-chat
dc.subjectmicroextração em fase sólida biocompatível
dc.subjectmebolômica
dc.subjectcompostos metabólicos
dc.subjectcâncer de mama.
dc.subjectcri-du-chat syndrome
dc.subjectmebolomics
dc.subjectmetabolic compounds
dc.subjectbreast cancer
dc.subjectbiocompatible solid phase microextraction
dc.titleExplorando o metabolismo como ferramenta para investigação e tratamento de doenças
dc.title.alternativeExploring metabolism as a tool for research and treatment of diseases
dc.typeTese de Doutorado
usp.advisorCarrilho, Emanuel
usp.date.defense2020-06-10
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